Journal: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Subclinical Reactivation of Cytomegalovirus Drives CD4 + CD28 null T-Cell Expansion and Impaired Immune Response to Pneumococcal Vaccination in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis

doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy493

Figure Lengend Snippet: Participant Baseline Characteristics

Article Snippet: Quality control was achieved by using a positive control (Cytofix CD4 Positive Control, Cytomark) with a validated acceptance range for CD3 + CD4 + percentage, and a fluorescence-minus-1 control to aid CD28 gating.

Techniques: Control

Journal: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Subclinical Reactivation of Cytomegalovirus Drives CD4 + CD28 null T-Cell Expansion and Impaired Immune Response to Pneumococcal Vaccination in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis

doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy493

Figure Lengend Snippet: Subclinical cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation drives the expansion of CD4 + CD28 null T cells, and antiviral therapy limits this expansion. A , Time to first CMV reactivation in treatment (n = 19, dashed) vs control (n = 19, solid) groups (hazard ratio, 8.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–59.1; P = .037) and reactivation episodes in treated (dashed) and control (solid) patients during the course of the study. On the second plot, each line represents a single patient; the end of the treatment period is indicated by a dashed vertical line at month 6. B , There was a significant reduction in CD4 + CD28 null T-cell percentage and absolute count from baseline (M0) to end of treatment (M6) in treated patients. There was no change in controls. Bars show mean with 95% CI. C , Proportionate change in anti-CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer during the course of the study. There was a significant reduction in anti-CMV IgG titer in treated patients (dashed line; slope –1.305; P < .001). There was no significant change in controls (solid line; slope 0.218; P = .521). D , Control patients (n = 19) with CMV reactivation had an increase in CD4 + CD28 null T cells during the course of the study compared to patients with no reactivation. Bars show medians. Abbreviations: CMV, cytomegalovirus; IgG, immunoglobulin G; M0, baseline; M6, month 6.

Article Snippet: Quality control was achieved by using a positive control (Cytofix CD4 Positive Control, Cytomark) with a validated acceptance range for CD3 + CD4 + percentage, and a fluorescence-minus-1 control to aid CD28 gating.

Techniques: Control

Journal: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Subclinical Reactivation of Cytomegalovirus Drives CD4 + CD28 null T-Cell Expansion and Impaired Immune Response to Pneumococcal Vaccination in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis

doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy493

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expansion of CD4 + CD28 null T cells is associated with impaired immune response to pneumococcal vaccination. A , Correlation between prevaccination CD4 + CD28 null T-cell percentage (at end of valacyclovir treatment period) and mean antibody response ratio (ARR) to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) (n = 36). B , Correlation between proportionate change in CD4 + CD28 null T-cell percentage from baseline to end of valacyclovir treatment period (month 6 CD4 + CD28 null T-cell % / baseline CD4 + CD28 null T-cell %) and mean ARR to PCV13 (n = 36). C , Spider graph showing median ARR for each individual pneumococcal serotype for patients with prevaccination CD4 + CD28 null T cells <2% (n = 7; dotted line), 2%–10% (n = 10; dashed line), and >10% (n = 19; solid line). D , Mean ARR across all serotypes measured for patients with prevaccination CD4 + CD28 null T-cell percentage <2%, 2%–10%, and >10%, indicating patients with a low, moderate, and high impact, respectively, of CMV on the immune system, exhibiting a graded immune response to PCV13 vaccination across these 3 categories. Bars represent the median, and error bars represent the interquartile range. Abbreviations: ARR, antibody response ratio; Pn, pneumococcal serotype.

Article Snippet: Quality control was achieved by using a positive control (Cytofix CD4 Positive Control, Cytomark) with a validated acceptance range for CD3 + CD4 + percentage, and a fluorescence-minus-1 control to aid CD28 gating.

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Subclinical Reactivation of Cytomegalovirus Drives CD4 + CD28 null T-Cell Expansion and Impaired Immune Response to Pneumococcal Vaccination in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis

doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy493

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expansion of CD4 + CD28 null T cells is associated with reduced functional capacity of the CD4 compartment. A , Correlation between CD4 + CD28 null T-cell percentage and proportion of multifunctional (CD154 + tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] + interleukin 2 [IL-2] + ) cells within staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)–responsive interferon gamma (IFN-γ + ) CD4 T cells. B , Spider graph showing median percentage of cells with CD154, TNF-α, or IL-2 coexpression within SEB-responsive CD4 T cells in patients with small (<2%, gray line), moderate (2%–10%, dashed line), and large (>10%, solid black line) CD4 + CD28 null T-cell expansions. C , Spider graph showing median percentage of cells with IFN-γ expression only (1F), IFN-γ and one of CD154, TNF-α, or IL-2 coexpression (2F; double functional), IFN-γ and 2 of CD154, TNF-α, or IL-2 coexpression (3F; triple functional), or multifunctional (4F) capacity within SEB-responsive CD4 T cells for patients with small (<2%, gray line), moderate (2%–10%, dashed line), and large (>10%, solid black line) CD4 + CD28 null T-cell expansions. D , Correlation between proportion of multifunctional (4F) cells within the SEB-responsive CD4 compartment and mean antibody response ratio to the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Abbreviations: IL-2, interleukin 2; SEB, staphylococcal enterotoxin B; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.

Article Snippet: Quality control was achieved by using a positive control (Cytofix CD4 Positive Control, Cytomark) with a validated acceptance range for CD3 + CD4 + percentage, and a fluorescence-minus-1 control to aid CD28 gating.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: High NK cell counts at day 90 predict improved survival in event-free patients after T-cell depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1577924

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival (OS) according to lymphocyte subpopulation counts on day 90 after transplantation. CD4-CD4 + T-cell, CD8-CD8 + T-cell, CD19-B-cell, IR-immune reconstitution, NK-NK cell, NKT-NKT cell.

Article Snippet: External quality control of the applied assay was performed periodically by using BD Multi-Check CD4 Low Control (Becton Dickinson, USA).

Techniques: Transplantation Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: High NK cell counts at day 90 predict improved survival in event-free patients after T-cell depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1577924

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cumulative incidence curves for non-relapse mortality (NRM) according to lymphocyte subpopulation counts on day 90 after transplantation. CD4-CD4 + T-cell, CD8-CD8 + T-cell, CD19-B-cell, IR-immune reconstitution, NK-NK cell, NKT-NKT cell.

Article Snippet: External quality control of the applied assay was performed periodically by using BD Multi-Check CD4 Low Control (Becton Dickinson, USA).

Techniques: Transplantation Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: High NK cell counts at day 90 predict improved survival in event-free patients after T-cell depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1577924

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cumulative incidence curves for relapse incidence (RI) according to lymphocyte subpopulation counts on day 90 after transplantation. CD4-CD4 + T-cell, CD8-CD8 + T-cell, CD19-B-cell, IR-immune reconstitution, NK-NK cell, NKT-NKT cell.

Article Snippet: External quality control of the applied assay was performed periodically by using BD Multi-Check CD4 Low Control (Becton Dickinson, USA).

Techniques: Transplantation Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: High NK cell counts at day 90 predict improved survival in event-free patients after T-cell depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1577924

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kaplan-Meier curves for event-free survival (EFS) according to lymphocyte subpopulation counts on day 90 after transplantation. CD4-CD4 + T-cell, CD8-CD8 + T-cell, CD19-B-cell, IR-immune reconstitution, NK-NK cell, NKT-NKT cell.

Article Snippet: External quality control of the applied assay was performed periodically by using BD Multi-Check CD4 Low Control (Becton Dickinson, USA).

Techniques: Transplantation Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: High NK cell counts at day 90 predict improved survival in event-free patients after T-cell depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1577924

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cumulative incidence curves for secondary graft failure/poor graft function (sGF/PGF) according to lymphocyte subpopulation counts on day 90 after transplantation. CD4-CD4 + T-cell, CD8-CD8 + T-cell, CD19-B-cell, IR-immune reconstitution, NK-NK cell, NKT-NKT cell.

Article Snippet: External quality control of the applied assay was performed periodically by using BD Multi-Check CD4 Low Control (Becton Dickinson, USA).

Techniques: Transplantation Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: High NK cell counts at day 90 predict improved survival in event-free patients after T-cell depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1577924

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cumulative incidence curves for acute graft-versus-host disease grade II-IV (aGvHD gr II-IV) according to lymphocyte subpopulation counts on day 90 after transplantation. CD4-CD4 + T-cell, CD8-CD8 + T-cell, CD19-B-cell, IR-immune reconstitution, NK-NK cell, NKT-NKT cell.

Article Snippet: External quality control of the applied assay was performed periodically by using BD Multi-Check CD4 Low Control (Becton Dickinson, USA).

Techniques: Transplantation Assay